Michael Molenda

  • Associate Professor Emeritus, Indiana University

[email protected]

scholar.google.com/citations?user=XqWi-_oAAAAJ

Impact Metrics
6,547
Total Citations
4
PR Journals
31
h-index
49
i10-index
0
Top Conf
7
Other Works
Awards & Honors
Student Choice Teaching Award

Indiana University School of Education (Bloomington)

Special Service Award

Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT)

2007
Past Positions

Associate Professor (Instructional Systems Technology); Department Chair (1988–1991), Indiana University

1972–2005

Assistant Professor; Coordinator, Center for Instructional Media (School of Education), University of North Carolina at Greensboro

–1971
Education
PhD, Instructional Technology
Syracuse University (1971)
MS, Instructional Technology
Syracuse University (1967)
BA (cum laude), Speech (Television) and English
Marquette University (1963)
Biography

Associate Professor Emeritus of Instructional Systems Technology at Indiana University. Molenda taught at IU from 1972–2005, chaired the IST department (1988–1991), and remains active in research and writing. He co‑authored early editions of the widely adopted textbook Instructional Media and the New Technologies of Instruction/Instructional Media and Technologies for Learning, co‑edited AECT’s 2008 definition volume Educational Technology: A Definition with Commentary, and later co‑authored The Elements of Instruction: A Framework for the Age of Emerging Technologies (Routledge). Earlier in his career he served as an assistant professor at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. His archived papers (1968–2008) document textbooks, articles, presentations, and educational games including The Diffusion Simulation Game. Current IU directory contact: [email protected]. citeturn6search1turn6search3

Theories & Frameworks
Strategic Impact Model (SIM) for Performance Improvement and ISD

Integrates instructional and non‑instructional performance interventions under a shared analysis–design–development–production–implementation cycle, embedding evaluation and change management at every stage to ensure strategic alignment and adoption.

Introduced: 2004
Elements of Instruction (Molenda–Subramony Framework)

A conceptual framework and common vocabulary for instructed learning that emphasizes communication configurations (e.g., Presentation, Demonstration, Discussion, Tutorial, Repetition, Study, Expression) and clarifies core constructs to guide research and design in an era of emerging technologies.

Introduced: 2021
Educational Technology (AECT 2008 Definition)

Defines educational technology as “the study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and improving performance by creating, using, and managing appropriate technological processes and resources,” with commentary elaborating each construct and implications for programs and ethics.

Introduced: 2008
Research Interests
  • Educational Change and Innovation
  • Educational Gaming
  • Educational Simulations and Microworlds
  • Human Performance Improvement (HPI)
  • Teacher Education
Peer-reviewed Journal Articles & Top Conference Papers
4

Performance Improvement Quarterly • Journal

Michael Molenda

Through content analysis of 31 published definitions, this paper evaluates human performance technology (HPT) definitions against criteria of comprehensiveness, non‑tautology, insider acceptance, and outsider appeal. Findings suggest no single authoritative definition currently meets these criteria; the authors discuss implications and propose guidance for a refined definition. citeturn19search4

Journal of Computing in Higher Education • Journal

Michael Molenda

Urges higher education to view instructional technology as a means to improve academic productivity. Synthesizes decades of IT‑enabled solutions that reduce cost and improve learning outcomes and highlights cases from the Pew Program in Course Redesign as evidence for productivity gains in postsecondary instruction. citeturn21search0

TechTrends • Journal

Michael Molenda

Reviews the development and legacy of Programmed Instruction (PI), from Skinner’s early formulations to later innovations (e.g., branching, Direct Instruction, Personalized System of Instruction). Argues that PI’s insistence on measurable effectiveness and iterative revision paved the way for computer‑based instruction and distance learning; its influence endures especially in training contexts where efficiency and outcomes matter. citeturn18search0

TechTrends • Journal

Michael Molenda

Presents the Strategic Impact Model, integrating instructional and non‑instructional performance interventions within a common analysis‑design‑development‑production‑implementation cycle. The model embeds evaluation for strategic alignment and quality control and incorporates change‑management activities throughout to improve adoption and impact. citeturn20search0turn20search1

Other Works
7

Routledge (Taylor & Francis) • Book

Michael Molenda

This book proposes a common vocabulary and conceptual schema of teaching and learning suited to a digital‑centric era. It critiques contemporary semantics in educational technology and emphasizes communication patterns among facilitators, learners, and resources. The authors present a framework for organizing research and theory, provide precise definitions for core elements of instruction, and advance a typology of teaching‑learning arrangements (e.g., Presentation, Demonstration, Discussion, Tutorial, Repetition, Study, Expression) to guide method selection. The text aims to give historically grounded, back‑to‑basics tools for instructional designers and researchers. citeturn7search0turn7search1

Handbook of Improving Performance in the Workplace, Vol. 1: Instructional Design and Training Delivery (Wiley/Pfeiffer) • Chapter

Michael Molenda

Surveys the historical development of instructional design with focus on the systems approach (ISD). Traces influences from behaviorism, systems engineering, and computing; discusses military and corporate adoption; and anticipates continued evolution with new technologies and learning research. citeturn22search5

Lawrence Erlbaum Associates / Routledge (AECT) • Book

Michael Molenda

Commissioned by AECT, this volume states and explicates the association’s contemporary definition of educational (instructional) technology. Chapters authored by members of the Definition and Terminology Committee examine key terms (facilitating learning, improving performance, creating, using, managing, processes, resources, values), trace historical definitions, discuss professional ethics, and consider implications for academic programs. citeturn1search0turn1search7

Performance Improvement • Journal

Michael Molenda

This essay investigates the provenance of the widely used term “ADDIE model.” After consulting histories, encyclopedias, textbooks, surveys of ID models, and interviewing experts, Molenda concludes that ADDIE functions as an umbrella label for a family of systematic ISD processes rather than a single, original, fully elaborated model. The acronym’s origins are obscure; concepts align with military ISD (e.g., IPISD), but no authoritative ADDIE source exists. citeturn2search0turn2search1

Prentice Hall / Merrill (Pearson) • Book

Michael Molenda

A teacher‑oriented text on integrating media and technology into classroom instruction using the ASSURE model. The 7th edition expands templates and evaluation tools, addresses copyright issues, and links portfolio components to ISTE/NETS‑T standards, with coordinated CD‑ROM and companion website resources for performance‑ and reflection‑based activities. citeturn3search0

• Book

Robert Heinich, Michael Molenda

Updated edition of the influential media textbook covering visual principles; non‑projected/projected media; audio, video, computers, networks, distance learning, and process technologies. Uses the ASSURE model to illustrate lesson planning and effective integration of technology and media in instructional contexts.

• Book

Robert Heinich, Michael Molenda

Textbook that systematizes selection, utilization, and evaluation of media and technologies for classroom instruction. Introduces and applies the ASSURE model (Analyze learners; State objectives; Select/Utilize media and materials; Require learner participation; Evaluate and revise) across media formats; emphasizes planning, message design, and integration of technology to improve learning.