Murray Turoff

  • Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Information Systems, New Jersey Institute of Technology

[email protected]

scholar.google.com/citations?user=FQfUXLgAAAAJ

Impact Metrics
42,971
Total Citations
8
PR Journals
64
h-index
181
i10-index
0
Top Conf
4
Other Works
Awards & Honors
EFF Pioneer Award

Electronic Frontier Foundation

1994
Best Technical Publication (TSM Award) for The Network Nation

Association of American Publishers

1978
Past Positions

Professor (Information Systems), New Jersey Institute of Technology

1973–2007

Faculty (Information Systems/Management), Rutgers University (Newark) – Graduate School of Management

1982–2005

System designer/analyst (EMISARI), U.S. Office of Emergency Preparedness (Executive Office of the President)

1971–1973
Education
Ph.D., Physics
Brandeis University (1965)
B.A., Mathematics and Physics
University of California, Berkeley (1958)
Biography

Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Information Systems at New Jersey Institute of Technology and a pioneering architect of computer‑mediated communication. Designer of EMISARI (early crisis‑management group communication system) and EIES (Electronic Information Exchange System) and co‑author of The Network Nation. His scholarship spans online/virtual classrooms, Delphi and Policy Delphi methods, group decision support, and emergency/crisis informatics.

Theories & Frameworks
Policy Delphi

A Delphi variant for structuring divergent viewpoints on policy problems, emphasizing argumentation, desirability/feasibility ratings, and iterative or continuous feedback to map positions rather than enforce consensus.

Introduced: 1970
Dynamic Emergency Response Management Information System (DERMIS) design principles

Framework of premises, concepts, and principles guiding the design of adaptable, role‑tailorable emergency response information systems that support first responders, command/control, and distributed expert communities.

Introduced: 2004
Virtual Classroom (NJIT) concept

A structured computer‑mediated learning environment emphasizing asynchronous conferencing, collaborative activities, instructor presence, and software features (gradebook, quizzes, search, roles) to support effective online courses.

Introduced: 1988
Research Interests
  • Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning
  • Educational Change and Innovation
  • Human–Computer Interaction (in Education)
  • Learning Communities
  • Networks and Protocols
  • Social Networking
Peer-reviewed Journal Articles & Top Conference Papers
8

Communications of the ACM • Journal

Murray Turoff

Reviews the shift from correspondence and broadcast models to networked, collaborative, student‑centered online learning. Argues that ALNs and related technologies will drive a structural transformation of higher education, enabling global ‘mega‑universities’ and widespread adoption of collaborative pedagogies and assessment at scale.

DOI 759 citations

Journal of Information Technology Theory and Application (JITTA) • Journal

Murray Turoff

Develops design premises and concepts from EMISARI experience and literature to derive eight general principles and supporting considerations for DERMIS—an adaptable, robust ER information system. The framework addresses first‑responder communication needs, command‑and‑control decision support, and integration of dispersed expert communities.

Link 847 citations

Communications of the ACM • Journal

Murray Turoff

Synthesizes evidence on effective online courses (ALNs), emphasizing the centrality of interactivity: instructor–student engagement (swift trust), structured peer collaboration, and software features that promote active participation. Provides practical recommendations for designing and facilitating successful learning networks.

Link 407 citations

Communications of the ACM • Journal

Murray Turoff

Draws lessons from EMISARI and related systems to articulate requirements for modern emergency response information systems: continuous use before crises, flexible role and template tailoring, notification mechanisms, and cultivation of online expert communities. Advocates highly adaptable, structured group communication to coordinate large‑scale crisis response.

DOI 315 citations

Online Learning (Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks) • Journal

Murray Turoff

Across a longitudinal field study, a field experiment, and faculty interviews, the study finds that online courses are as effective as or more effective than traditional classes when they incorporate active, collaborative learning. Pure content delivery with isolated individual work underperforms face‑to‑face instruction; collaborative structures and instructor presence are key.

DOI 593 citations

Communications of the ACM • Journal

Murray Turoff

Argues that unstructured CMC produces overload; proposes that structure be tailored by users and groups to filter, organize, and navigate content. Presents principles for flexible topic/thread organization, roles, and user‑controlled filters to sustain high‑volume collaboration without suppressing valuable information.

DOI 1,134 citations

Communications of the ACM • Journal

Murray Turoff

Reports 18‑month field data from EIES showing that as users gain experience, they value richer functionality beyond simple messaging. Long‑term users benefit from group conferences, composition tools, and customizable commands, indicating that sustained CMC requires feature sets that support complex collaborative work.

DOI 145 citations

Technological Forecasting and Social Change • Journal

Murray Turoff

Introduces the Policy Delphi as a Delphi variant intended to surface and structure divergent views on complex policy issues rather than force consensus. Details instruments, multi‑criteria scales (e.g., desirability and feasibility), anonymous feedback, and continuous or round‑based interaction to map positions, arguments, and scenarios for decision analysis.

DOI 1,705 citations
Other Works
4

International Conference on Computer Assisted Instruction (ICCAI’95) • Conference

Murray Turoff

Surveys two decades of NJIT research on CMC features supporting the Virtual Classroom. Summarizes functional requirements (e.g., conferencing, roles, assessment, search, gradebook) and proposes enhancements to improve distance education effectiveness, grounded in extensive evaluations of virtual classes.

MIT Press • Book

Murray Turoff

A foundational treatment of computer‑mediated communication (CMC) that synthesizes technical, social, organizational, and educational applications. The revised edition reviews developments since the 1970s, discusses ethical and legal issues, and explores how CMC supports collaboration, learning networks, and public participation, concluding with future‑oriented scenarios.

DOI 3,256 citations

MIT Press • Book

Starr Roxanne Hiltz, Murray Turoff

First published in 1978 and revised in 1993, The Network Nation analyzes and forecasts the social, organizational, and educational possibilities of computer‑mediated communication. The revised edition adds a new chapter reviewing developments over the prior fifteen years, updates legal/ethical issues, and surveys emerging applications, offering a foundational theoretical and empirical synthesis for understanding CMC’s impacts and futures.

Addison‑Wesley • Book

Murray Turoff

An edited volume that codifies the Delphi family of methods, covering philosophical foundations, design choices, facilitation, analysis and reporting, Policy Delphi variants, and case studies across domains. It provides guidance on constructing instruments, managing iteration and feedback, and avoiding common pitfalls when using expert panels for forecasting and policy analysis.

Link 14,747 citations